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Endotoxins

Endotoxins are heat stable proteins (lipopolysaccharide) that form structural components of the wall of gram-negative bacteria. They are liberated on the cell’s lysis or when the microorganisms die. Endotoxins are pyrogens; which are fever-causing agents.

Overview

Endotoxins are categorized as LPS or lipopolysaccharides. They contain fatty acids and disaccharide phosphates. They also contain O antigen and core polysaccharides. Their endotoxin activity is caused by the lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharides. The lipid A component does not cause any harm to the tissues. However, the body’s immune system sees it as an indicator that there is a presence of harmful microorganisms. So, the body’s immune system will do its best to get rid of intruders. This is the immune system’s way of protecting the body.

Endotoxins

They are LPS (lipopolysaccharides).
They are attached to the bacterial cell wall.
For endotoxins to be releases, the cell needs to undergo lysis.
They are mostly produced by Gram-negative bacteria.
They are heat stable.
Production of endotoxins is dependent on the genes located on the bacterial chromosome.
They remain active even at 100 degree Celsius.
They have a non-specific effect on the body.
There is no specific receptor for the entry of endotoxins.
They can only be lethal when present in large quantities.
They cannot be neutralized by antibodies.
They can produce fever to the host.
They have a poor antigenic nature.

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Endotoxins

Overview

Endotoxins

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